Shakespeare Is a Fraud - 1232 Words

SHAKESPEARE IS A FRAUD January 25th 2012 Shakespeare is a Fraud One cannot write thirty-six plays, one hundred and fifty-four sonnets and two long narrative poems if they were ordinary. But unbelievably, William Shakespeare did just that from 1564 – 1616. People have questioning how Shakespeare achieved writing such great pieces of literature, when the behind the scenes story does not add up. There are no records to prove he wrote anything and there is proof someone else did what he took credit for. In my opinion, Macbeth and Titus Andronicus, two of Shakespeare’s plays are strong examples of pieces of literature that was not actually created by Shakespeare. I believe William Shakespeare, the man with†¦show more content†¦Throughout twelve different plays, Shakespeare has twelve different signatures (Ten reasons). In addition writing from the heart. Shakespeare pour’s his heart out throughout his sonnets, but never once mentions the death of his eleven year old son, whereas Ben Johnson wrote an amazing and beautiful poem when his son died (Ten reasons). This suggests the man who is writing these plays is not the real Shakespeare because he never mentioned his son’s tragic death in his work and had inconsistent handwriting. Lastly, The director of Anonymous states that there are no educational records or any other records connecting to Shakespeare. It is nearly impossible to gain the amount of knowledge Shakespeare had with out going to school. There are no records to prove that Shakespeare ever attended the Stratford grammar school, yet the work of who really wrote these plays shows extensive knowledge about medicine, astronomy, art, music, military, law, philosophy, and activities such as royal tennis and falconry (Ten reason). It is unbelievable for one to know all that without even a trace of school. This suggests that some one else wrote the plays because Shakespeare does not have the education and knowledge to do so. Likewise, it is strange how one knows so much about foreign countries without ever leaving their country. Shakespeare’s records show that he has never leftShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s The Fraud1164 Words   |  5 PagesShakespeare the Fraud? Shakespeare was a playwright from Stratford upon Avon who had arguably the most significant influence on English literature and language. His works are still acclaimed to this day for their divine superiority, although debate has risen over the authenticity of his authorship. According to Dobson, reasons for doubting that William Shakespeare was in fact the author of his works include theories that he lacked the education, aristocratic awareness, or familiarity with the royalRead MoreUncovering the Real Shakespeare710 Words   |  3 Pagessucceed by fraud. A fraud is a disgraceful, gut wrenching title that can absolutely destroy an author’s reputation, and it is considerably interesting to realize that one of the world’s greatest playwrights, William Shakespeare, is accused of being some kind of fraud (Or at least not who we think he is). If Shakespeare was a fraud, he certainly succeeded, making himself one of the most known names in the history of literature. Acros s the globe, there is a heated debate whether or not Shakespeare was evenRead MoreClaudius Soliloquy Analysis711 Words   |  3 Pagesanalysis In Act III, scene III, Shakespeare illustrates Claudiuss inner turmoil with an internal monologue. In Claudiuss soliloquy, he states that he had murdered his brother,the absolute confirmation that such an act has occurred. Through Claudius soliloquy, Shakespeare reveals Claudiuss inner character and further characterizes his disposition, though the remorse he feels is not for his slain brother but for the consequences he faces because of it. Shakespeare is able to depict Claudius’s internalRead MoreHuck Finn1257 Words   |  6 PagesHuck Finn Essay: Twain and Social Criticism Feuds, Frauds, and Fools: Huck Finn and Twains Critique of the Human Race Mark Twain’s famous realist novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, is a masterpiece of social criticism and analysis. The author skillfully depicts a variety of human failings and foibles, personified in the characters of everyday people and groups. Twain appears to be satirizing and criticizing the old South, but underneath his humorous portrait of Southern social issuesRead MoreThe Shakespeare Conspiracy Theory1561 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Shakespeare, by far one of the greatest playwrights of all time, is clouded with controversy. Rumors run rampant that he was nothing more than a non de plume for someone who wished to keep the anonymity of his identity. There have been names such as Edward De Vere the 17th Earl of Oxford, Sir Francis Bacon, even Queen Elizabeth herself was among those thought to be the true writer of the plays and poems. To start from the beginning of the controversy, the earliest actual documentation ofRead MoreSpeech, Speaking, And Listening1198 Words   |  5 Pagesextremely aware at all times of what they are saying and artists do not. Artists are capable of having many voices and still being highly respected. One famous artist is William Shakespeare. He is practically loved for not being loyal and having many-colored voices. Shakespeare is gray, in between, mysterious. Shakespeare is whoever he wants to be with as many voices as he deems fit to speak. Zadie Smith also shares this feeling. Smith even points out Shakespeare’s lack of allegiance. â€Å"†¦Was he, forRead MoreDo Consequences Depend on Motives in Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare and Wall Street: Money Never Sleeps?1103 Words   |  4 Pagesconsequences of a situation are undeniably much worse than the motivation of one’s instigation of their actions. This applies to the intentions and, more importantly, the consequences of the characters in both the play Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare and film Wall Street: Money Never Sleeps directed by Oliver Stone. Even though some people have honorable intentions and mean no harm, the consequences can still be disastrous. In much the same way, those with fraudulent intentions also suffer inRead MoreEssay on Madness and Ambition in Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar903 Words   |  4 Pagesassassinate Caesar in order to save the Roman Republic from a dictatorship (Shakespeare). The conspirators lure Caesar to the Senate, where they carry out their ominous plans. As a result, many of Caesar’s supporters, such as Mark Antony, seize power drive the conspirators from the city. As the months pass, both the conspirators and Caesar’s supporters raise armies and eventually wage battle in the Italian plains (Shakespeare). As the battle comes to a close, it becomes clear that the corrupt and appallingRead More Representations of Nature in King Lear Essay examples869 Words   |  4 Pagespersonal upheaval and natural catastrophes is best demonstrated when looking at the play backwards. Edmund, the comically evil villain, referred to by Shakespeare in the stag e directions merely as â€Å"The Bastard,† ascends to supremacy by deceiving his father, Gloucester, and framing his half brother Edgar, the legitimate heir to his father’s estate. Through fraud, he convinces Gloucester that Edgar plans to usurp him, forcing his brother to go into hiding, grievously upsetting nature. In traditional EnglishRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Othello, The Moor Of Venice Essay1251 Words   |  6 PagesIn the play Othello, the Moor of Venice by William Shakespeare, the women take on various roles in this Venetian society. The roles include committing fraud, playing the part of the victim, and playing the part of the hero. In this Venetian society in the 1600s, the women served major purposes and were vital to keep the towns running. However, the women also faced being victimized and stereotyped in this man-run society. Women were inferior to men, treated unequally, and women were also viewed as

Little Opposition to Hitler Due to Propaganda Essay

Little Opposition to Hitler Due to Propaganda Youll have your hands full from now on. I just cant accept that now people will be in peril of their lives because of other people. I cant accept it and I find it horrifying. Never tell me that its for the sake of Fatherland. -Sophie Scholl The Nazis faced relatively little open opposition during their 12 years in power. In private, Germans complained about the regime and its actions, although not all. Some might refuse to give the Nazi salute; they might pass on anti-Nazi jokes and rude stories about senior Nazis. However, serious criticism was always in private, never in public. Historians have debated why this was so. There were many†¦show more content†¦Education was also important to the Nazis and lessons were all geared towards making the boys good soldiers and the girls good mothers. Lessons were used to pass on ideas about war and about racial superiority. Maths problems made the children calculate bombing ranges and the cost of keeping the mentally ill alive. Biology and History lessons were used to say that Germans were better than any other nation, but it was particularly important because this was a way of making future generations into Nazi supporters. The media was also controlled by Josef Goeb bels, who was a main disputer of the propaganda. Loudspeakers were set up in public places to broadcast Hitlers speeches. He controlled the press and decided what photographs should be printed, he arranged for posters to be put up, and he made sure Hitlers speeches were broadcast on the radio. It was also Goebbels who planned the big party rallies and publicised everything Hitler did. Fear and terror was also a main contributor to keeping opposition to a minimum. Force was used where propaganda and education had failed. If the people could not be convinced that the Nazis were right then they were punished or removed from society so that they could not oppose Hitler. Therefore, force was important as a back up if propaganda failed. Official government bodies were used to suppress any criticismShow MoreRelatedHow Far Do You Agree That Hitler’s Regime Was a ‘Consensus Dictatorship’?1457 Words   |  6 PagesGerman public were in cooperation with the Nazi regime and agreed with both the enforced and promoted concept of the regime. Hitler had mainly achieved this by trying to ‘ win over the hearts and minds of all non-Jewish Germans’ this would mean he would have the majority of the Germans citizens on his side. However, it is also suggested that many of the people had only consented due to fear which can be inferred from source 5 t hat it was the methods of the Nazi apparatus of terror that had led to theRead MoreThe Nazi Regime Essay1748 Words   |  7 Pagesstatement; The most important reason why there was little opposition towards the Nazi regime was because of its use of propaganda. In order to do this I will explain how the Nazis actions and the events leading up to the war prevented opposition. During the pre ww2 era and particularly in the 1930s Hitler focused a lot of his attention on the propaganda surrounding himself and the policies of his Nazi party. A massive propaganda campaign was launched which aimed to convinceRead MoreThe White Rose, And The Sunset1430 Words   |  6 PagesThe White Rose-- a movement that opposed the tyrannical ideologies of Nazi Germany, Adolf Hitler. Risking their lives to spread word of how restrained the German population were by the philosophies of Adolf Hitler, and how obliviously inattentive they were constrained to the ideas of fascism and militarism, no one dared to start active opposition. The Nazi regime sustained a vise grip over German society. The Gestapo hastily and effortlessly shattered any internal resistance. These are voices thatRead MoreReasons Behind the Nazis Coming to Power Essay1384 Words   |  6 PagesReasons Behind the Nazis Coming to Power In January 1933, Hitler became chancellor of Germany, there are many reasons for him and the Nazis coming into power. They are long term and short-term cause, which can be classed under 3 main headings: weakness of opposition, strengths of Nazis and economic factors. The weaknesses of the opposition helped the Nazis come into power because Hitler took advantage of them. The failure of the Weimar government was a long-term reasonRead MoreLying : The Truth About Nazi Propaganda1458 Words   |  6 Pagesyourself: The truth about Nazi propaganda What would make a group of people ignore their country’s own genocide? In Nazi Germany, the answer was propaganda. From the end of World War I, the German leaders knew how important propaganda was. By the time Hitler had complete control of the military, the powerful propaganda film Triumph de Willens was already being produced . By the time the second offensive started, they had already launched an international propaganda magazine called Signal. Both ofRead More‘Nazi Consolidation of Power in 1933 Was Primarily Due to the Use of Terror and Violence.’ How Far Do You Agree with This Judgement?1537 Words   |  7 Pagesconsolidation of power in 1933 was primarily due to the use of terror and violence.’ How far do you agree with this judgement? The Nazi Party’s rise was to an extent due to the use of terror and violence, however there were limitations with this as the party was not strong enough to exert this. Their consolidation of power in 1933 was also enabled by their means of legality, and Hitler becoming Chancellor in January 1933. This rise to power was viable due to numerous factors; Hitler’s own tacticalRead MoreDifferences Between Class, Religion And Politics1500 Words   |  6 PagesVolksgemeinschaft was another principle outlined very greatly in propaganda and that is overcoming old differences in class, religion and politics. Volksgemeinschaft essentially entails the creation of a collective national identity by encouraging people to work together for the benefit of the nation, and promoting â€Å"German Values†. The Propaganda Machine was essentially another tactic used for when the information and election tactics adaped at a local level, with a division of different electoralRead MoreT he Significance of Nazi Propaganda under Hitlers Rule Essay3090 Words   |  13 PagesThe Significance of Nazi Propaganda under Hitlers Rule The appointment of Adolf Hitler as chancellor of Germany in 1933 should, in theory, have been nothing more than merely a change of administration. However, from the start of their ‘seizure of power’ the Nazis were prepared to apply this power in ‘revolutionary’ ways. (Fest, 1974, p.373). In the elections of 1933 that resulted in Hitler’s chancellorship, the Nazi party only managed to gain 43.9% of the vote; yetRead MoreAdolf Hitler And The Nazi Party2747 Words   |  11 PagesAdolf Hitler and his Nazi Party saw their acquisition of power in 1933 as more than simply a change of government. To the Nazis it represented the start of a transformation of German society in accordance with their ideology of National Socialism. This focused on all Germans, regardless of class or income, working for the national good as part of the Volksgemeinschaft, the People’s Community. In the period from 1933 to 1939, the Nazis ultimately achieved consensus in creating the VolksgemeinschaftRead MoreThe Persecution Of The Jewish People1105 Words   |  5 Pagesrather than the theories of the ‘moderate functionalists ‘, that reason that the persecution of the Jewish people was a progression of radical policy ,of an entire group of people, due to the perceived failings of the Nazis previous racial policies. Section 2 Introduction - Nazi Regime began in 1933 when Adolf Hitler was appointed chancellor of Germany - 6 million Jews had been killed by the end of the Nazi regime - Both Intentionalists and Functionalists have there valid scholarly and ethical points

Business Opportunity Fundamental Principles †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Business Opportunity Fundamental Principles. Answer: Introduction The Corporations Act, 2001 (Cth) is a key piece of legislation which is applicable for all the companies in Australia. This act acts as a governing act for the companies in the nation, where each and every aspect of the functioning of the company is ruled by the act. So, from the naming requirement of the company, to its type, from its incorporation to winding up, all such and more provisions are provided under this act (Latimer, 2012). One of the key provisions of this act relates to the director duties covered under Part 2D.1. When the duties laid down under this section are contravened, a case is brought against the directors and they have to face relevant penalties for such breach (Cassidy, 2006). Hannon v Doyle [2011] NSWSC 10 is one of such cases where a breach of director duties was claimed, and these were established by the court, but as they were not claimed upon, no decision was made on these duty braches. This case revolved around the claims of minority oppression management and the resulting remedies from it (Wright, 2011). This report covers a detail of the different aspects which surrounded this case to specifically highlight the duties breached in this case. In this case, David Hannon had applied for leave so as to initiate legal action on behalf of APH, i.e., Afro Pacific Holdings Pty Ltd and APC, i.e., Afro Pacific Capital Ltd, where APH held 88% shares, based on section 237 of the Corporations Act. As he had been a former director and the member of these companies, he made a claim pursuant to section 236(2)(a)(i) and section 236(2)(a)(ii) and left the court to decide upon whether the criteria covered under section 237 of this act was fulfilled. It was argued in the matter of serious question by Hannon that unsecured loans were made by APC to Doyle and Turner and some of these loans were interest free. He also claimed that the 15 million options which APC held in TFC, i.e., Transvaal Ferro Chrome Ltd had been alienated to the two companies which were owned by the two directors of APC, i.e., by Doyle and Turner, along with the options of the company being sold at a price which was below the market value. He also highlighted that Doyle a nd Turner were provided with excessive remuneration by APC (Wright, 2011). A noteworthy point raised by Hannon was that APC had lent some money to Africa Pacific Capital Pty Ltd, herein referred to as Pacific, which was a company formed and owned by Turner and Doyle. Further, Turner and Doyle made Pacific supply certain services to such companies which were the existing clients of APC, and where the services procurement was based. There had also been diversion or transfer of assets to Pacific, and these assets were such to which APC had been entitled. Lastly, Hannon highlighted that no dividend had been paid by APC even when there was amiability of profits, where the dividends could have been paid prudentially. And this gave rise to a claim to be made under section 232 of this act for the oppressive conduct of affairs (Wright, 2011). Duties Breached Under the Corporations Act, the directors of the company have been imparted with certain duties. One of the reasons for imparting these duties on directors is that the minority shareholders of the company are to be protected from oppressive conduct and where such is done, the remedies have to be awarded to the minority shareholders (Paolini, 2014). Under section 181 of this act, the directors have been given the duty to make use of their powers and to undertake their obligation for such a purpose which can be deemed as fair, which is not only undertaken in good faith but also for the best interest of the company (Australasian Legal Information Institute, 2017). A duty has been placed on the directors through section 182 for to not using their position of the company for their own, or for someone elses benefits, particularly when a detriment is caused to the company (WIPO, 2015). In case the provisions covered under these sections are contravened, a civil penalty is applied on the breaching party which is covered under section 1317E of the Corporations Act (Federal Register of Legislation, 2017). Based on this section, the court can make a declaration of contravention and this further gives the option to ASIC to either seek pecuniary penalties based on section 1317G or apply for disqualification order based on section 206C. Based on the duty covered under section 181, is the duty to work in the interest of the different stakeholders of the company (ICNL, 2017). The directors duty is enhanced when it comes to minority shareholders as these shareholders do not hold the ability of influencing the company affairs due to their minority status. So, the directors need to take special care of the shareholders and ensure that the decisions are taken in a manner which denotes the best interest of not only the company but also of its shareholders. Where a director fails in doing so, not only the statutory obligations are contravened, but also claim can be made against them pursuant to section 232 and 232 of this act (Easton, 2013). The claims of Hannon were made for granting leave to the member of company based on section 236(2)(a)(i) as per which he was satisfied that: Based on section 237(2)(a) of this act, it is a possibility that the proceedings would not be brought by the company; Based on section 237(2)(b) that the applicant had been acting in good faith; Based on section 237(2)(c) that it was in the companys best interest to grant the leave to the applicant; and Based on section 237(2)(d) that a serious question had to be tried (Wright, 2011). These points raised by Hannon showed that the directors of the company, i.e., Doyle and Taylor had breached their director duties by not working in the best interest of the company and taking advantage of their position in the company. This is evidence from Doyle and Turner were being overcompensated by the company for the financial year which ended on Feb 29th, 2008 by being paid $1,566,960 and $1,570,234 respectively as consulting fees, which was a sum higher than the reasonable fees in such situations management. Further, these sections were again breached when they benefited their own company, Pacific instead of APC and even caused detriment to APC for benefiting Pacific (Wright, 2011). The court also analysed the use of business opportunity of the director where the business opportunity of one company was taken by another company which had been formed by such director. This diversion was seen as a breach of the fiduciary duties which were owed by the company and also a breach of the statutory duties. However, as these breaches were not claimed by Hannon, a decision was not made on the contravention of these duties. Instead, the court stated that in the best interest of APH, a claim of breach of director duties should be brought against the directors of the company on behalf of Hannon (Wright, 2011). Decision of the Case Each of the issues which were raised by Hannon was separately considered by the judges in this case. With regards to the point raised for the loan, no contention had been made regarding the loans being made. It was noted by the judges that each of the loans was made to either the director or to the entity which was related to the directors. This was seen as a contravention of the fundamental principles as were stated under the case of Aberdeen Railway Co v Blaikie (1854) 1 Macq HL 461. In this case it had been stated that none of the agent of the company could enter into arrangements where a conflicting interest is present, particularly with the interests of such individuals who could be in conflict. This was necessary so that a contract cannot be claimed as being fair or unfair later on. And so, the judges were satisfied that the claims made under section 237(2)(c) and section 237(2)(d) had been rightly claimed (New South Wales Caselaw, 2011). When it came to the options claim regrading TFC, the same reasoning was applied by the judges. It was noted by the judges that it was of not relevant if the options were sold at a price which was lower than the market value based on the "no question is allowed to be raised as to the fairness or unfairness" of the particular contract. And so, the claims made based on the two sections were also satisfied. The court also addressed the claims regarding the overcompensation of Doyle and Turner and stated that indeed the consulting fees were higher than the reasonable fees. And on this basis, again the two subsections were satisfied (New South Wales Caselaw, 2011). In the matter of the last claim regarding the major claims in reference to Pacific, it was noted by the judges that a letterhead was deliberately designed adopted by Pacific which was deceivingly similar to that of APC and there were several misrepresentations made on their website which resulted in an impression being created that APC and Pacific were the same business. Further, Pacific had informed the bankers that the income was received by them from the sale of shares where these shares belong to APC and not to Pacific. Lastly, in this matter, the judges also noted that Pacific and APC operated as one and so they had to be considered as one. Hence, it was concluded by the judges that a serious question indeed had to be tried in this case (New South Wales Caselaw, 2011). It was held by the judges that a serious question was present in this case regarding the claim of oppression made by Hannon which was related to the non-payment of the dividend. However, it was held that the absence of the dividends could not be deemed as sufficient for fulfilling claims under section 232 and that these claims had to be assessed after considering all of the relevant circumstances. In the case at hand, there was a lack of dividends which "may properly be made part of the matrix" of the claims made under section 232, in addition to the particular claims regarding the breach of duty. In the end, it was held by the judges that in this case, section 237(2)(a) and section 237(2) (b) had been clearly fulfilled. And so, it was concluded by the judges that Hannon actually and honestly believed that a good cause of action was present due to the evidence which had been put forward by Hannon, along with the efforts which he had put into for pursing the claims which were made under this section and the findings with regards to the serious question being present. Lastly, they stated that all these claims made by Hannon were indeed in the best interest of the company (New South Wales Caselaw, 2011). Conclusion In the preceding sections, the case of Hannon v Doyle was discussed, which acts as a key example for a claim being raised by the member of the company on behalf of the company, when the company fails to do so itself, as a result of the directors being involved in activities which were not in the best interest of the company. This claim saw a leave appeal being made by Hannon where the judges took into consideration the presence of serious question so as to allow this claim. The claims raised by Hannon were allowed in this case due to the questionable loans made by the directors, the alienation of the share options to the companies of the directors, the provisions whereby excessive remuneration was being provided to the directors, the diversion of business of the company to another company which was owned by the directors and by being engaged in oppressive conduct, which satisfied the criteria laid down under the different sections of the Corporations Act. The director duties were bre ached in this case by Doyle and Taylor on several grounds but owing to the absence of a claim being raised in this regard, a claim of breach of directors duty could not be allowed by the court. References Australasian Legal Information Institute. (2017). Corporations Act 2001. Retrieved from: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ca2001172/ Cassidy, J. (2006). Concise Corporations Law (5th ed.). NSW: The Federation Press. Easton, M. (2013). Dont forget minority shareholders. [Retrieved from https://www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/viewdoc/au/cases/nsw/NSWSC/2009/342.html?context=1;query=Nassar%20v%20Innovative%20Precasters%20Group%20Pty%20Ltd Federal Register of Legislation. (2017). Corporations Act 2001. Retrieved from: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2013C00605 ICNL. (2017). Corporations Act 2001. Retrieved from: https://www.icnl.org/research/library/files/Australia/Corps2001Vol4WD02.pdf Latimer, P. (2012). Australian Business Law 2012 (31st ed.). Sydney, NSW: CCH Australia Limited. New South Wales Caselaw. (2011). Hannon v Doyle [2011] NSWSC 10. Retrieved from: https://www.caselaw.nsw.gov.au/decision/54a634483004de94513d82c7 Paolini, A. (2014). Research Handbook on Directors Duties management. Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar. WIPO. (2015). Corporations Act 2001. Retrieved from: https://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/text.jsp?file_id=370817 Wright, G. (2011). 5.13 Granting of leave to bring derivative proceedings under section 237 of the Corporations Act. Retrieved from: https://www.glenwright.net/files/Granting%20of%20leave%20to%20bring%20proceedings%20under%20the%20Corporations%20Act%202001,%20section%20237.pdf

Scandinavian Airlines and Lufthansa Essay Example

Scandinavian Airlines and Lufthansa Essay Lufthansa: Going Global, but How to Manage Complexity Strayer University Business Administration Capstone – BUS 499 #004016 September 5, 2010 Describe the type of international strategy the company has chosen. An international strategy is a strategy through which the firm sells its goods or services outside its domestic market (Hitt, Ireland Hoskisson, 2009). Lufthansa tends to follow a transnational strategy that will help grow the company internationally and in their own country. Since the September 11 terrorist attacks airlines have been struggling to stay in business. The fear that passengers have is slowing diminishing but it is still affecting the airlines. Airlines have been forced to enforce many regulations and fees adding to their financial struggle. With any international strategy comes a risk. Lufthansa seems to have managed to survive many risks all while being one of three airlines where their debt is to the point of bankruptcy if they have not started it already. Since mergers are illegal across country boarders the response from Lufthansa was an alliance with Star Alliance (Hitt, Ireland Hoskisson). Star Alliance is an alliance that is made up of a partnership amongst several airlines, in an effort to offset costs and create value. The alliance has been a constant balancing act. The alliance was done to help reduce Lufthansa’s debt but has come with many challenges in managing the alliance with Star Alliance. The plan was to increase the revenue side of Star Alliance by keeping passengers’ loyalty to fly with them. Since the late 1999, Lufthansa has been running according to the value –based management. We will write a custom essay sample on Scandinavian Airlines and Lufthansa specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Scandinavian Airlines and Lufthansa specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Scandinavian Airlines and Lufthansa specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The aim of the value-based management approach applies to all planning, steering and monitoring processes in order to achieve a purposeful, long-term and continuous increase in enterprise value in investor’ and lenders interest (Lufthansa Investor Relations). Explain what means the company has used to expand internationally The biggest move that Lufthansa has done to expand internationally and help reduce their debt and increase revenue was to join with Star Alliance. Star Alliance is a group alliance with Lufthansa and airlines like Air Canada, United and SAS Scandinavian Airlines, just to name a few. They are a good option for intercontinental business travel. The alliance helps to reduce costs by coordinated flight schedules, have common lounges and baggage handling. Lufthansa has a few more cost saving strategies in place. While it does affect their employees, they have a cost saving structure resulting from slightly lower wages, they have smaller planes adjusted to the traffic density a reduced services level, an operating base in second-tier airports, and point-to-point-services so that the on time in the air is greater for â€Å"network† airplanes (Hitt, Ireland Hoskisson, 2009). They have also restored antique planes. Lufthansa has some of the newest built planes in their fleet but the rebuilt airplane is for the airplane enthusiast. Enthusiasts wait months and pay C259 ($400. 00) for a bumpy hour long ride on a 1936 Junkers-52 propeller plane (Lufthansa’s Labor of Love). To ensure safety of the passengers the planes are re-built every winter. Identify and describe the elements and objectives of Lufthansa’s cooperative strategy A cooperative strategy is a strategy in which firms work together to achieve a shared objective (Hitt, Ireland Hoskisson, 2009). The alliance that Lufthansa has with Star Alliance is almost by definition a cooperative strategy. The airlines that are in the alliance are all working together to cut costs and develop and grow each of their own airlines. The alliance is a partnership that works for all involved to include the right to leave the alliance. Lufthansa is the leading member in the Star Alliance (Hitt, Ireland Hoskisson). Lufthansa’s value-based management adds viable recognition of cooperative strategy. Lufthansa has a joint venture with Star Alliance that gives Lufthansa strength in its network in the transatlantic traffic. These networks have been used to gain the shared objectives of those in the alliance. Describe the uncertainties and challenges related to operating beyond the company’s national boundaries Having a stable airline is the key to a successful airline. If the airlines in the Star Alliance are not stable they will lose their place in the market. Many think of Lufthansa as the leader and integrator, because the biggest member, United Airlines, was preoccupied for more then three years with emerging from Chapter 11 bankruptcy procedures in the United States. With United Airlines otherwise occupied, Lufthansa was driving the revenue side thus implemented through â€Å"code sharing† leading to higher utilization of planes and infrastructure and sometimes economies of scale in purchasing and sales (Hitt, Ireland Hoskisson). One of the biggest challenges that Lufthansa, actually all airlines, are dealing with is global warming. This is something that most businesses do not need to think about. Airlines claim 3 percent of carbon dioxide comes from the air traffic but because of the higher altitude of the planes they number is rapidly growing and by 2020 the emission from air traffic might increase by 20 percent (Hitt, Ireland Hoskisson). Describe the potential risks of cooperative strategies The decision to be involved in a cooperative strategy is a risk in itself. You are trusting other firms to work with you in order to accomplish mutual goals of financial and organizational stability. One risk is the risk of trust. There is always a risk of one of the firms becoming involved in unethical practices for their own selfish gain. The firms have to trust that the alliance they have developed is based on productive and positive motives. The firms involved in the alliance have to be in it for the good times and bad. Another risk is the entrepreneurial risk. If any of the partners is not making available resources, that can not only bring down that company but it can bring down the value of the alliance. The purpose of the alliance was to develop services and products that would be productive to the alliance. Explain the use of organizational structure and controls to effectively support Lufthansa’s strategy. An organizational structure specifies the firm’s formal reporting relationships, procedures, controls and authority, and decision making processes and organizational controls guide the use of strategy, indicate how to compare actual results with expected results, and suggest corrective actions to take when difference is unacceptable (Hitt, Ireland Hoskisson, 2009). In any business organizational structure and controls are important. Organizational structure develops a chain of command making everyone involved responsible. Lufthansa is no different. Lufthansa is part of the organizational structure of Star Alliance. The formal organization has the CEO who is in charge of legal, HR/Training and finance and strategy and then the corporate office who runs commercial, products and services, loyalty marketing and information technology (Hitt, Ireland Hoskisson). Lufthansa at one point had an integrated corporation and now has six business lines. The business lines are related in the area of shared products and markets and help develop their economies of scale. Their executive board is responsible for managing the company and their goal is growth and adding value. Corporate Profile, 2009) Describe what strategic leadership actions should be recommended for developing human capital at Lufthansa. Human capital refers to the knowledge and skills of a firm’s entire workforce (Hitt, Ireland Hoskisson, 2009). Human capital is the most important aspect in a business. Any business will essentially fail if t hey do not take time to invest time and energy into improving their employees. Lufthansa should continue to invest time in developing and training staff and the management teams to ensure that they have the highest knowledge and the best developed skills. This will not only help Lufthansa but it will help the alliance because of all the changes, additions of the partnerships and acquisitions. It is important for Lufthansa’s strategic leadership to create a positive culture for the continued training and development to build continued success. The investment of building development programs not only build knowledge and skills but it motives employees to want to learn, it can boost internal core values and morals and promotes Lufthansa vision and organizational goals. Lufthansa is operating in a very diverse area with being part of the Star Alliance. It is important for them to develop their employees to fit the needs of the alliance as well as Lufthansa. Describe what strategic leadership actions should be recommended for establishing an effective organizational culture at Lufthansa. Having a strong and positive organizational culture is important to any business. An Organizational culture consists of a complex set of ideologies, symbols, and core values that are shared throughout the firm and influence the way business is conducted (Hitt, Ireland Hoskisson, 2009). Lufthansa used to be known for a strong culture based on pride, the positive image of the company in Germany, its reputation for engineering excellence and ongoing training and educational activities. However, in 2001 there was a pilots strike that showed the changes within the company and the unhappiness of the employees toward the company was not as good as they thought. The management teams should make sure they are fully aware of the diversity within the segments of the business. They need to make sure they are communicating any messages, training or even promotions to fit the different cultural diversities within Lufthansa. All the employees should be involved in solutions to problems, to include the discovery of them, within their core position. It is also necessary for the leadership to make sure they are leading by example not just in working but in ethical practices. It is the leadership’s responsibility to encourage all employees on all levels to follow their lead. Improving an organization’s culture will do nothing but increase the company’s value and the opinion of its employees; from simply an employee working for a paycheck, to an employee who feels they have worth. The employees then will want to invest time and energy into the company. Describe what strategic leadership actions should be recommended for promoting an entrepreneurial mind-set at Lufthansa. Lufthansa main goal, like any other business, is to maintain financial discipline and health. Because of the crisis from 2001-2004, the gearing increased from 36 percent in 2000 to 85. 4 percent in 2005 and because of that the operating goals are dominant and Lufthansa has learned to focus its cost cutting on the cash flow impact (Hitt, Ireland Hoskisson, 2009). Lufthansa should continue to lead by allowing its acquisitions to keep their identities and brand but operate with limited control. Investing in developing their training of their staff and managers will help in maintaining that financial discipline by having well rounded and educated employees who will limit the mistakes they could be making without the knowledge and training. It is important for Lufthansa to have an entrepreneurial mindset to gain the advantage over its competitors and even for keeping the lead within Star Alliance. With Lufthansa having an entrepreneurial mindset they are showing that they are a committed business that will focus on gaining financial growth and developing more and stronger value to the business. They should be involved in strategic entrepreneurship and focus on opportunities in the external environment of the business. They should make sure that all the segments have the means to grow innovatively and reward them when success is apparent. Lufthansa is one of the world’s largest airlines with 424 aircrafts and 39,500 employees. They transport approximately 55. 5 million passengers every year; they have sales revenue of 39. 1 billion dollars and have been a member of Star Alliance since May 1997 (Lufthansa a Star Alliance Member). This all shows the current success of Lufthansa and that their entrepreneurial mind set is going in the correct and positive direction. Describe what strategic leadership actions should be recommended for reducing complexity at Lufthansa. It is important for Lufthansa to have knowledge of all the segments in the division’s internal operations. Top management must stay well versed in global economics with the fluctuating prices of oil, the competition, and increasing no-frills airlines. Because of the alliance with Star Alliance they have pushed themselves into the center of the world of complexity. It will be important for them to keep a well rounded culture by having diversity in top management to include females in top positions. The top management team must have knowledge of their European counterparts in order to stay on top. Not only will top management have to deal with the complexity but they will have to work hard to remain a part of the world’s leading airline. The top management team can be used to make strategic decisions along with CEO and ensure that the decisions are followed not by just the employees but by members of top management. Maintaining the knowledge and training that Lufthansa had developed is a must. Because of the high priced competitive market, Lufthansa’s segments will need different cost structures and support financially. They will need to monitor the acquisitions, partnership and alliances to make sure that there are no unnecessary expenses and that no one is being non-productive. References Corporate Profile (2009), Retrieved September 3, 2010 from http://www. lufthansa- cargo. com/content. jsp? path=0,1,19142,91382,99001 Hitt, M. , Ireland, D. R. Hoskisson, R. E. 2009), Strategic Management: Competitiveness and Globalization, Concepts and Cases. Ohio: Cengage Learning. Lufthansa a Star Alliance Member (2010), Retrieved September 3, 2010 from http://www. staralliance. com/en/about/airlines/lufthansa/ Lufthansa Investor Relations (2009), Retrieved August 24, 2010 from http://investor- relations. lufthansa. com/en/fakten-zum-unternehmem/group-strategy. html Michaels, D. (2008). Lufthansaâ €™s Labor of Love: Restoring Some Really Old Junkers, Retrieved August 25, 2010from http://online. wsj. com/article/SB121357457537975947. html? mod=hps_us_inside_today Scandinavian Airlines and Lufthansa Essay Example Scandinavian Airlines and Lufthansa Essay Lufthansa: Going Global, but How to Manage Complexity Strayer University Business Administration Capstone – BUS 499 #004016 September 5, 2010 Describe the type of international strategy the company has chosen. An international strategy is a strategy through which the firm sells its goods or services outside its domestic market (Hitt, Ireland Hoskisson, 2009). Lufthansa tends to follow a transnational strategy that will help grow the company internationally and in their own country. Since the September 11 terrorist attacks airlines have been struggling to stay in business. The fear that passengers have is slowing diminishing but it is still affecting the airlines. Airlines have been forced to enforce many regulations and fees adding to their financial struggle. With any international strategy comes a risk. Lufthansa seems to have managed to survive many risks all while being one of three airlines where their debt is to the point of bankruptcy if they have not started it already. Since mergers are illegal across country boarders the response from Lufthansa was an alliance with Star Alliance (Hitt, Ireland Hoskisson). Star Alliance is an alliance that is made up of a partnership amongst several airlines, in an effort to offset costs and create value. The alliance has been a constant balancing act. The alliance was done to help reduce Lufthansa’s debt but has come with many challenges in managing the alliance with Star Alliance. The plan was to increase the revenue side of Star Alliance by keeping passengers’ loyalty to fly with them. Since the late 1999, Lufthansa has been running according to the value –based management. We will write a custom essay sample on Scandinavian Airlines and Lufthansa specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Scandinavian Airlines and Lufthansa specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Scandinavian Airlines and Lufthansa specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The aim of the value-based management approach applies to all planning, steering and monitoring processes in order to achieve a purposeful, long-term and continuous increase in enterprise value in investor’ and lenders interest (Lufthansa Investor Relations). Explain what means the company has used to expand internationally The biggest move that Lufthansa has done to expand internationally and help reduce their debt and increase revenue was to join with Star Alliance. Star Alliance is a group alliance with Lufthansa and airlines like Air Canada, United and SAS Scandinavian Airlines, just to name a few. They are a good option for intercontinental business travel. The alliance helps to reduce costs by coordinated flight schedules, have common lounges and baggage handling. Lufthansa has a few more cost saving strategies in place. While it does affect their employees, they have a cost saving structure resulting from slightly lower wages, they have smaller planes adjusted to the traffic density a reduced services level, an operating base in second-tier airports, and point-to-point-services so that the on time in the air is greater for â€Å"network† airplanes (Hitt, Ireland Hoskisson, 2009). They have also restored antique planes. Lufthansa has some of the newest built planes in their fleet but the rebuilt airplane is for the airplane enthusiast. Enthusiasts wait months and pay C259 ($400. 00) for a bumpy hour long ride on a 1936 Junkers-52 propeller plane (Lufthansa’s Labor of Love). To ensure safety of the passengers the planes are re-built every winter. Identify and describe the elements and objectives of Lufthansa’s cooperative strategy A cooperative strategy is a strategy in which firms work together to achieve a shared objective (Hitt, Ireland Hoskisson, 2009). The alliance that Lufthansa has with Star Alliance is almost by definition a cooperative strategy. The airlines that are in the alliance are all working together to cut costs and develop and grow each of their own airlines. The alliance is a partnership that works for all involved to include the right to leave the alliance. Lufthansa is the leading member in the Star Alliance (Hitt, Ireland Hoskisson). Lufthansa’s value-based management adds viable recognition of cooperative strategy. Lufthansa has a joint venture with Star Alliance that gives Lufthansa strength in its network in the transatlantic traffic. These networks have been used to gain the shared objectives of those in the alliance. Describe the uncertainties and challenges related to operating beyond the company’s national boundaries Having a stable airline is the key to a successful airline. If the airlines in the Star Alliance are not stable they will lose their place in the market. Many think of Lufthansa as the leader and integrator, because the biggest member, United Airlines, was preoccupied for more then three years with emerging from Chapter 11 bankruptcy procedures in the United States. With United Airlines otherwise occupied, Lufthansa was driving the revenue side thus implemented through â€Å"code sharing† leading to higher utilization of planes and infrastructure and sometimes economies of scale in purchasing and sales (Hitt, Ireland Hoskisson). One of the biggest challenges that Lufthansa, actually all airlines, are dealing with is global warming. This is something that most businesses do not need to think about. Airlines claim 3 percent of carbon dioxide comes from the air traffic but because of the higher altitude of the planes they number is rapidly growing and by 2020 the emission from air traffic might increase by 20 percent (Hitt, Ireland Hoskisson). Describe the potential risks of cooperative strategies The decision to be involved in a cooperative strategy is a risk in itself. You are trusting other firms to work with you in order to accomplish mutual goals of financial and organizational stability. One risk is the risk of trust. There is always a risk of one of the firms becoming involved in unethical practices for their own selfish gain. The firms have to trust that the alliance they have developed is based on productive and positive motives. The firms involved in the alliance have to be in it for the good times and bad. Another risk is the entrepreneurial risk. If any of the partners is not making available resources, that can not only bring down that company but it can bring down the value of the alliance. The purpose of the alliance was to develop services and products that would be productive to the alliance. Explain the use of organizational structure and controls to effectively support Lufthansa’s strategy. An organizational structure specifies the firm’s formal reporting relationships, procedures, controls and authority, and decision making processes and organizational controls guide the use of strategy, indicate how to compare actual results with expected results, and suggest corrective actions to take when difference is unacceptable (Hitt, Ireland Hoskisson, 2009). In any business organizational structure and controls are important. Organizational structure develops a chain of command making everyone involved responsible. Lufthansa is no different. Lufthansa is part of the organizational structure of Star Alliance. The formal organization has the CEO who is in charge of legal, HR/Training and finance and strategy and then the corporate office who runs commercial, products and services, loyalty marketing and information technology (Hitt, Ireland Hoskisson). Lufthansa at one point had an integrated corporation and now has six business lines. The business lines are related in the area of shared products and markets and help develop their economies of scale. Their executive board is responsible for managing the company and their goal is growth and adding value. Corporate Profile, 2009) Describe what strategic leadership actions should be recommended for developing human capital at Lufthansa. Human capital refers to the knowledge and skills of a firm’s entire workforce (Hitt, Ireland Hoskisson, 2009). Human capital is the most important aspect in a business. Any business will essentially fail if t hey do not take time to invest time and energy into improving their employees. Lufthansa should continue to invest time in developing and training staff and the management teams to ensure that they have the highest knowledge and the best developed skills. This will not only help Lufthansa but it will help the alliance because of all the changes, additions of the partnerships and acquisitions. It is important for Lufthansa’s strategic leadership to create a positive culture for the continued training and development to build continued success. The investment of building development programs not only build knowledge and skills but it motives employees to want to learn, it can boost internal core values and morals and promotes Lufthansa vision and organizational goals. Lufthansa is operating in a very diverse area with being part of the Star Alliance. It is important for them to develop their employees to fit the needs of the alliance as well as Lufthansa. Describe what strategic leadership actions should be recommended for establishing an effective organizational culture at Lufthansa. Having a strong and positive organizational culture is important to any business. An Organizational culture consists of a complex set of ideologies, symbols, and core values that are shared throughout the firm and influence the way business is conducted (Hitt, Ireland Hoskisson, 2009). Lufthansa used to be known for a strong culture based on pride, the positive image of the company in Germany, its reputation for engineering excellence and ongoing training and educational activities. However, in 2001 there was a pilots strike that showed the changes within the company and the unhappiness of the employees toward the company was not as good as they thought. The management teams should make sure they are fully aware of the diversity within the segments of the business. They need to make sure they are communicating any messages, training or even promotions to fit the different cultural diversities within Lufthansa. All the employees should be involved in solutions to problems, to include the discovery of them, within their core position. It is also necessary for the leadership to make sure they are leading by example not just in working but in ethical practices. It is the leadership’s responsibility to encourage all employees on all levels to follow their lead. Improving an organization’s culture will do nothing but increase the company’s value and the opinion of its employees; from simply an employee working for a paycheck, to an employee who feels they have worth. The employees then will want to invest time and energy into the company. Describe what strategic leadership actions should be recommended for promoting an entrepreneurial mind-set at Lufthansa. Lufthansa main goal, like any other business, is to maintain financial discipline and health. Because of the crisis from 2001-2004, the gearing increased from 36 percent in 2000 to 85. 4 percent in 2005 and because of that the operating goals are dominant and Lufthansa has learned to focus its cost cutting on the cash flow impact (Hitt, Ireland Hoskisson, 2009). Lufthansa should continue to lead by allowing its acquisitions to keep their identities and brand but operate with limited control. Investing in developing their training of their staff and managers will help in maintaining that financial discipline by having well rounded and educated employees who will limit the mistakes they could be making without the knowledge and training. It is important for Lufthansa to have an entrepreneurial mindset to gain the advantage over its competitors and even for keeping the lead within Star Alliance. With Lufthansa having an entrepreneurial mindset they are showing that they are a committed business that will focus on gaining financial growth and developing more and stronger value to the business. They should be involved in strategic entrepreneurship and focus on opportunities in the external environment of the business. They should make sure that all the segments have the means to grow innovatively and reward them when success is apparent. Lufthansa is one of the world’s largest airlines with 424 aircrafts and 39,500 employees. They transport approximately 55. 5 million passengers every year; they have sales revenue of 39. 1 billion dollars and have been a member of Star Alliance since May 1997 (Lufthansa a Star Alliance Member). This all shows the current success of Lufthansa and that their entrepreneurial mind set is going in the correct and positive direction. Describe what strategic leadership actions should be recommended for reducing complexity at Lufthansa. It is important for Lufthansa to have knowledge of all the segments in the division’s internal operations. Top management must stay well versed in global economics with the fluctuating prices of oil, the competition, and increasing no-frills airlines. Because of the alliance with Star Alliance they have pushed themselves into the center of the world of complexity. It will be important for them to keep a well rounded culture by having diversity in top management to include females in top positions. The top management team must have knowledge of their European counterparts in order to stay on top. Not only will top management have to deal with the complexity but they will have to work hard to remain a part of the world’s leading airline. The top management team can be used to make strategic decisions along with CEO and ensure that the decisions are followed not by just the employees but by members of top management. Maintaining the knowledge and training that Lufthansa had developed is a must. Because of the high priced competitive market, Lufthansa’s segments will need different cost structures and support financially. They will need to monitor the acquisitions, partnership and alliances to make sure that there are no unnecessary expenses and that no one is being non-productive. References Corporate Profile (2009), Retrieved September 3, 2010 from http://www. lufthansa- cargo. com/content. jsp? path=0,1,19142,91382,99001 Hitt, M. , Ireland, D. R. Hoskisson, R. E. 2009), Strategic Management: Competitiveness and Globalization, Concepts and Cases. Ohio: Cengage Learning. Lufthansa a Star Alliance Member (2010), Retrieved September 3, 2010 from http://www. staralliance. com/en/about/airlines/lufthansa/ Lufthansa Investor Relations (2009), Retrieved August 24, 2010 from http://investor- relations. lufthansa. com/en/fakten-zum-unternehmem/group-strategy. html Michaels, D. (2008). Lufthansaâ €™s Labor of Love: Restoring Some Really Old Junkers, Retrieved August 25, 2010from http://online. wsj. com/article/SB121357457537975947. html? mod=hps_us_inside_today