Interpersonal Violence

Violence can be defined as an assault or application of physical force of other person to exploit or hurt others (Encarta, 2007). Violence often illustrates injury to other persons that is usually intentional, and emotionally or verbally insulting to others. â€Å"Clinical associates† of violent behavior are recognized, but the fundamental mechanisms are not yet well understood, such as mechanisms involving intricate interaction between perinatal and prenatal environmental factors, genes, and rearing conditions.According to recent studies, violent behavior is heterogeneous, meaning; hasty works of violence differ in managements, methods, and origin (The Journal†¦, 1999). There have been studies in molecular genetics that indicates that neurotransmitter regulation observed through the use of brain imaging methods might be the one affecting violent behaviors. It is also said that increasing evidence indicates harmony between suicidal behavior and neurobiology of violence. A ccording to the Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences:In the United States, homicide accounts for approximately 20,000 deaths annually and a victimization survey estimated that approximately 4. 2 violent crimes (assaults, robberies, and rapes) occur annually for each 100 persons older than 12 years, while another survey of the general adult population found a 3. 7% annual rate of self reported violent behavior against other persons, and thus, violent crime and violent behavior in general cause a major public health problem (p. 307).According to studies conducted, cultural and societal factors have a significant role in the growth of violent behaviors, however, these environmental factors shows different reactions in different persons. Base on studies, personality disorders, major mental disorders, substance used, and other disorders add to the intensity of human violence, however, recent evidence directs to neurobiological mechanisms influence the control and develop ment of violent behaviors (The Journal†¦, 1999).â€Å"Substance use sickness† such as the utilization of alcohol and drugs perform a great part in suicides and violent or aggressive behaviors. Disorders in personality, specifically the â€Å"borderline personality disorder† and the â€Å"antisocial personality†, are commonly displayed by violent behaviors, and a part of violent acts happening in the society are due to persons identified with extreme mental disorders like schizophrenia or mood disorders.Many hormones and neurotransmitters such as opiods, steroids, vasopressin, and other substances are concerned in the moderation of violent behaviors. Gender is also predicts suicide and violent behaviors because base on surveys, it is generally known that males are the major perpetrators of aggressiveness and violence The Journal†¦, 1999). Also, based on some studies, gender difference in aggressiveness starts to mature in preschool years and is fully ex pressed by puberty due to societal causes including child rearing practices.Violence can be reduced, prevented, and treated in many ways or methods and some of these are: improvements in the perinatal and prenatal care and avoidance of head injuries, caring and treating manic and schizophrenic patients and focusing on the treatment and diagnosis of frequent substance use disorders, and strong adherence to treatment and medication and monitoring of patients with major mental disorders who have a record of violence after discontinuing their treatment or medication (The Journal†¦, 1999).Years of studies have brought understanding and progress in the neurobiology of science, and it has been maximized by several contributions in brain imaging and molecular genetics. And with the extreme understanding of neurobiology, harmony or unity between suicide and violence can be clearly viewed. References Encarta. (n. d. ). Violence. Retrieved December 15, 2007, from http://encarta. msn. com/ encyclopedia_761585330/Violence. html The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. (1999). The Neurobiology of Violence: An Update. Retrieved December 15, 2007, from http://neuro. psychiatryonline. org/cgi/reprint/11/3/307. pdf

Safety program Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Safety program - Essay Example They would be held accountable if lack of safety management tools would result in an unfortunate event within their organization. The Senior Management would have the authority to direct, control or change any policy, procedure or accountability assigned to any personnel as they are the main decision makers. However, it would be the responsibility of the assigned Committee / Executive to manage the operational activities and SMS implementation & continuation. First step in implementing an SMS is to define the requirements in a Safety Policy and align it with safety standards at both national and international levels. Safety Policy should be clearly communicated with willing endorsement throughout the organization. Periodic review of the same should also be ensured. The responsibility for managing the SMS is given to one Accountable Executive or a Committee is designed (outsourced help if required). This is a focal point of an SMS to be effective. From then it becomes the responsibili ty of the Committee or Executive to assign safety responsibilities to all employees for their support, involvement and ownership of the issue, since employees are the best source for identification and control of hazards. According to Hawthorne effect employee involvement increases their productivity so it is win-win situation for both.

Accounting Information Systems Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Accounting Information Systems - Article Example The Act is believed to have unquestionably enhanced the audit quality, though its Section 404, which stressed on internal control besides the financials, has been widely considered to be premature. However, implementation of the Act had ensured that businesses made better decisions and in many cases even discovered superior competence resulting in cost savings. In the initial stage, companies had to incur higher expenses to perform extensive audits of their internal control systems and consequently in the initial years of its implementation, there were reports of many companies going private as they could not afford the audits. In spite of cost involved and the complicated audit requirement, SOX has been able to fortify the function of autonomous audit committees in terms of superior corporate governance. The review of the above article helped in coming to the conclusion that the perspective of the author is agreeable. The article stresses the need for evaluation and declaration of corporate organizations’ internal control efficiency. It emphasizes that though SOX and Section 404 obligates a thorough evaluation of all financial reporting associated internal controls and, hence, requires a huge amount of resources, its positive impact on the quality of audit and corporate governance makes it highly beneficial and a necessity in the modern business environment. However, besides evaluation of internal controls, emphasis should be made on formulating controls around security of information.